江汉区2022级高二新起点摸底考试
英语试卷
本试卷共12页，全卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项：
1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2b铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答；用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5个小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. what is the man probably doing now
a. doing business. b. having an interview. c. sharing his working experience.
2. why was benson in the hospital yesterday
a. his baby got ill. b. he looked after his daughter. c. he went to get his medicine.
3. what did the woman want the man to do
a. to meet her friend with her.
b. to do the woman’s work.
c. to meet tony for her.
4.why didn’t jack get the book
a. he was too busy to go to the library.
b. there wasn’t such a book in the library.
c. he didn’t want to borrow the book.
5. what will the woman probably do
a. leave the shop b. have another drink. c. taste some hot chocolate.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. what did the woman buy as her husband’s birthday present
a. a tie. b. a hat. c. a shirt.
7. why did the assistant refuse to help the woman
a. the woman lost the receipt. b. the item had been worn. c. the woman was rude.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. what kind of restaurant is the lotus garden
a. indian. b. french. c. chinese.
9. where is the man now probably
a. in birmingham. b. in leeds. c. in sunderland.
10 how will james get to durham
a. by car. b. by train. c. by bus.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. how did the man find the apartment
a. from the internet. b. from a newspaper. c. from a friend.
12. what does the man want most
a. a big living room. b. a big kitchen. c. a big bedroom.
13. what will the woman probably do this friday
a. entertain some friends. b. pay the man a visit. c. rent an apartment.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. where does mark usually read news now
a. in a newspaper. b. in a magazine. c. on the internet.
15. why did the machine surprise the woman
a. it has a small glass window.
b. it can make a pizza in a short time.
c. it offers four types of pizzas at a time.
16. what does the woman think of the machine
a. it is quite necessary. b. it might not be popular. c. it will certainly succeed.
17. what is an advantage of the machine
a. the 24-hour service. b. tasty pizza made by it. c. the low production cost.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. what did the speaker do that morning
a. he admired the sunrise. b. he called up his wife. c. he watched tv news.
19. where was the speaker’s son
a. in another country. b. in town. c. in the garden.
20. what is the speaker talking about
a. his family life. b. a home fire. c. a natural disaster.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中选出最佳选项。
a
a color run at school
what is a color run
the event is usually a 5k untimed run. participants are doused（浇涂上） from head to toe in a different colored powder at each kilometer mark. this activity inspired by the hindu festival of holi is perfect for promoting community and happiness.
a color run is a fun event perfect for schools. as the kids jog through the route, their white t-shirts turn rainbow colors. it is a way to promote health and activity among children. schools can choose whether they want to host a color run by themselves or have one organized by an event organizer.
why should i take part in a color run
taking part in a color run will help you improve your overall physical health. it’s a great way to burn calories and get out. you will also be able to meet new people.
how to set up a school color run
to set up a school color run, you will first need to decide what time you want it to start. then, you will need to contact the principal at your school. they will then tell you if there is enough space available at the named location. you will need to inform the class teachers and include information in the student handbook. next, you should contact the parents/guardians of the students at the school through a mailed letter or email. with everything listed above completed, you will have your event organized and ready to go!
1. what do we know about a color run
a. it sets no time limit, b. it used to be a part of holi.
c. it's designed for schools only. d. it sees runners covered from head to toe.
2. what benefit may kids get from a school color run
a. better physical health. b. prize money from the race.
c. friendship with the principal. d. t-shirts with a rainbow pattern.
3. what’s the purpose of the text
a. to advertise. b. to inform. c. to entertain. d. to criticize.
【答案】1. a 2. a 3. b
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了什么是彩色跑、参加彩色跑的好处和如何举办彩色跑。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“the event is usually a 5k untimed run.（这个项目通常是5公里不计时跑）”可知，彩色跑是没有时间限制的。故选a项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“why should i take part in a color run （我为什么要参加彩色跑 ）”部分的句子“taking part in a color run will help you improve your overall physical health. it’s a great way to burn calories and get out. you will also be able to meet new people.（参加彩色跑将帮助你改善你的整体身体健康。这是燃烧卡路里和锻炼的好方法。你还能认识新朋友。）”可知，彩色跑可以使孩子们身体更健康。故选a项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的三部分“what is a color run （什么是彩色跑 ）”、“why should i take part in a color run （我为什么要参加颜色跑 ）”和“how to set up a school color run （如何举办学校色彩跑 ）”可知，本文主要是要告诉读者关于彩色跑的信息。故选b项。
b
smoking is even a tradition in chinese celebrations. at my wedding, we handed out the traditional candies to people who came. i had said to my wife, ellen, that handing out packets of cigarettes was wrong, as it just encouraged people to continue a deadly habit. “but it’s traditional,” she replied, “people would think we were mean if we don’t!”
over the years i’ve been given cigarettes as gifts and have always handed them straight back. this might make me look ungrateful in chinese eyes, but i can’t understand the logic behind handing someone a gift that will cause them to smell terrible, have awful breath, and even worse, kill them.
this year the university i work at has taken the bold step of making the entire campus “smoke free”. as my students are either doctors doing postgraduates studies, or medical students on their way to being doctors, i thought they would be in favor of such a move, but i was wrong. many of them have complained to me that they see this as depriving them of their civil rights and that they should be allowed to smoke when and where they like.
when i pointed out to them that cigarettes do harm not only to those smoking themselves, but even to those breathing in second hand smoke, the argument was dismissed with a wave. “those studies aren’t conclusive”, one doctor replied. “besides, my grandmother told me that smoking is manly.” tempting(诱人的) as it was to ask if she was also a doctor, i let the argument go and went off in search of some fresh air.
4. which of the following is a consequence of smoking according to the author
a. it will leave you breathless. b. people believe you are mean.
c. people think you are ungrateful. d. it will make your smell unpleasant.
5. what attitude do many of the author’s students have towards the entire campus “smoke free”
a. objective. b. unconcerned. c. negative. d. positive.
6. what does the underlined word “depriving” in paragraph 3 mean
a. robbing. b. accusing. c. informing. d. reminding.
7. in which column of a newspaper is this text probably found
a. technology. b. entertainment. c. art. d. life.
【答案】4. d 5. c 6. a 7. d
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了他自己对于吸烟及把香烟作为礼物送给别人的看法，并介绍了他在他们学校发起的一个无烟校园运动。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“...but i can’t understand the logic behind handing someone a gift that will cause them to smell terrible, have awful breath, and even worse, kill them.(但我不明白送别人一个这样的礼物背后的逻辑，这个礼物会让他们闻起来很难闻，有难闻的口气，更糟糕的是还会害死他们)”可知，作者认为吸烟会使人散发难闻气味是吸烟带来的一个后果。故选d项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“as my students are either doctors doing postgraduates studies, or medical students on their way to being doctors, i thought they would be in favor of such a move, but i was wrong. many of them have complained to me that they see this as depriving them of their civil rights and that they should be allowed to smoke when and where they like.(由于我的学生要么是在读研究生的医生，要么是即将成为医生的医学生，我以为他们会赞成这样的举动，但我错了。他们中的许多人向我抱怨说，他们认为这剥夺了他们的公民权利，他们应该被允许在他们喜欢的时间和地点吸烟)”可知，他的学生们对他这一做法是否定态度的。故选c项。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文“this year the university i work at has taken the bold step of making the entire campus “smoke free”. as my students are either doctors doing postgraduates studies, or medical students on their way to being doctors, i thought they would be in favor of such a move, but i was wrong. many of them have complained to me...(今年，我所在的大学迈出了大胆的一步，使整个校园“无烟”。由于我的学生要么是在读研究生的医生，要么是即将成为医生的医学生，我以为他们会赞成这样的举动，但我错了。他们中的许多人向我抱怨...)”及下文“that they should be allowed to smoke when and where they like.(他们应该被允许在他们喜欢的时间和地点吸烟)”可知，这些学生认为他们应该被允许随意吸烟，所以他们会认为我的做法是对他们权利的剥夺，由此可知划线词的意思和rob意义相近。故选a项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“smoking is even a tradition in chinese celebrations. at my wedding, we handed out the traditional candies to people who came. i had said to my wife, ellen, that handing out packets of cigarettes was wrong, as it just encouraged people to continue a deadly habit. “but it’s traditional,” she replied, “people would think we were mean if we don’t!”(吸烟甚至是中国人庆祝活动中的一个传统。在我的婚礼上，我们把传统的糖果分发给来参加婚礼的人。我曾对我的妻子艾伦说过，分发香烟是错误的，因为这只会鼓励人们继续这个致命的习惯。她回答说：‘但这是传统，如果我们不这么做，人们会认为我们很吝啬!’)”并结合全文可知，本文从自己生活及工作中的吸烟问题阐述事实及自己的观点。由此可知，本文主题不是娱乐，科技或艺术，应该是生活栏目。故选d项。
c
robots in space will be extracting (提取) gold from asteroids (小行星) within ten years if anew project backed by a silicon valley billionaire goes as planned. peter diamandis, the founder of planetary resources, said the company attempts to make the resources of space available to humanity.
the initial stage, to be achieved in the next 18 to 24 months, is to launch a series of private telescopes which will orbit earth. these will be used to search for the right type of asteroids. the plan is to use commercially built robotic ships to extract rocket fuel and valuable minerals from the rocks that regularly pass by earth. diamandis predicts that they could have their version of a space-based petrol station up and running by 2025.
several scientists not involved in the project argued that the project was daring, difficult and very pricey. they do not see how it could be cost-effective. but the founder of planetary resources has a track record of profiting from space exploration business. diamandis was the first person to sell rides into space to tourists. “before we started launching people into space as private citizens, people thought that was a ridiculous idea,” diamandis said. “this is a long-term project. but it’s not a charity. we’ll make money.” the idea that asteroids could be mined for resources has been around for years. there are probably 1,500 asteroids that pass near earth that would be good initial targets. they are at least 50 meters wide, and diamandis figures ten percent of them have water and other valuable minerals.
richard binzel, professor of planetary science at the massachusetts institute of technology, says, “the idea might be many decades ahead of its time. but you have to start somewhere as it might offer a new perspective of saving the earth from being over explored.”
8. what is supposed to be the first step of the project
a. launching robots into earth orbit. b. sending some telescopes into space.
c. building a space-based petrol station. d. using robotic ships to extract rocket fuel.
9. how did diamandis use to make money from space exploration business
a. by extracting gold from asteroids. b. by providing space travels for tourists.
c. by being the first person to ride into space. d. by selling tickets to sce tourists' rides into space.
10. what does richard binzel think of the project
a. it is risky. b. it is complex. c. it is worthwhile. d. it is demanding.
11. what can be a suitable title for the text
a. mining asteroids b. humans and asteroids
c. space exploration in progress d. the project of extracting minerals
【答案】8. b 9. b 10. c 11. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍一个新的项目，计划从小行星上提取黄金等宝贵的矿物质和燃料。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“the initial stage, to be achieved in the next 18 to 24 months, is to launch a series of private telescopes which will orbit earth. (最初阶段将在未来18至24个月内实现，将发射一系列私人望远镜，绕地球运行)”可知，项目的最初阶段是往太空发射一系列私人望远镜。故选b。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“diamandis was the first person to sell rides into space to tourists. “before we started launching people into space as private citizens, people thought that was a ridiculous idea,” diamandis said. “this is a long-term project. but it’s not a charity. we’ll make money.”(迪亚曼迪斯是第一个向游客出售太空游乐设施的人。迪亚曼迪斯说：“在我们开始将人们作为普通公民送入太空之前，人们认为这是一个荒谬的想法。这是一个长期项目。但它不是慈善机构。我们会赚钱的。”)”可知，迪亚曼迪斯以前通过把游客送入太空旅行来获取利益。故选b。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“richard binzel, professor of planetary science at the massachusetts institute of technology, says, “the idea might be many decades ahead of its time. but you have to start somewhere as it might offer a new perspective of saving the earth from being over explored.”(麻省理工学院行星科学教授richard binzel说：“这个想法可能比它的时代早了几十年。但你必须从某个地方开始，因为它可能会为拯救地球提供一个新的视角，使其免于被过度探索。”)”可推知，richard binzel认为这个新的项目是值得开发的。故选c。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“robots in space will be extracting (提取) gold from asteroids (小行星) within ten years if anew project backed by a silicon valley billionaire goes as planned. peter diamandis, the founder of planetary resources, said the company attempts to make the resources of space available to humanity. (如果一位硅谷亿万富翁支持的新项目按计划进行，太空机器人将在十年内从小行星中提取黄金。行星资源公司创始人peter diamandis表示，该公司试图为人类提供太空资源)”和第二段“the plan is to use commercially built robotic ships to extract rocket fuel and valuable minerals from the rocks that regularly pass by earth. (该计划是使用商业建造的机器人船从经常经过地球的岩石中提取火箭燃料和宝贵的矿物)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍一个新的项目，计划从小行星上提取黄金等宝贵的矿物质和燃料。故选a。
d
where do great musicians, great mathematicians and great sportspeople get their talent for decades now, we have assumed that most of them are simply born with a talent that ordinary people do not have. when baseball legend ted williams claimed that his achievement had nothing to do with natural ability but were the result of practice, practice, practice, people assumed that he was merely being modest. but scientists now believe that there was a good deal of truth in what he said.
throughout the last century, it was accepted that we inherit （继承） many of our characteristics from our parents via their dna, that each of us inherits a fixed amount of intelligence -a fixed iq, and that most of us are to be ordinary. but now it is accepted that our genes interact with their surroundings, getting turned on and off all the time. “there are no genetic factors that can be studied independently of the environment,” explains michael meaney of mcgill university. “and there are no environmental factors that function independently of our genes. they work alongside each other.”
how does this view of the role of genes change our understanding of individual talent and abilities does it now mean that genes don’t matter, and that we all have the potential to be like, say, lionel messi or lebron james such a claim flies in the face of reason. the genes we inherit clearly matter, as do genetic differences between individuals. but it is also true that lionel messi would not have become the super footballer he is, nor lebron james a basketball superstar, without putting in thousands of hours of practice. they could have turned out entirely different people. talent researcher kevin rathunde agrees. “high academic achievers are not necessarily born much smarter than others but genes do count,” he writes in his book talented teenagers, “and above all they usually work harder and develop more self-discipline.”
12. what did ted williams think led to his success
a. his natural talent. b. his full commitment.
c his modest personality. d. his extraordinary intelligence.
13. what did we widely believe during the 20 century
a. intelligence has little to do with dna.
b. our genes interact with our environment.
c. the majority of us are of average intelligence.
d. our character is simply decided by inherited dna.
14. why does the author mention “lionel messi” and “lebron james” in paragraph 3
a. to clarify a point. b. to illustrate a rule.
c. to offer a solution. d. to make a prediction.
15. which statement will kevin rathunde probably agree with
a. most of us are born to be average persons.
b. we could all be geniuses if working hard enough.
c. genetie factors are more important than hard work.
d. great talent is a combination of genes and practice.
【答案】12. b 13. c 14. a 15. d
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了一人的基因对人的天赋起到作用，但是周围的环境和后天的努力也会有影响。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“when baseball legend ted williams claimed that his achievement had nothing to do with natural ability but were the result of practice, practice, practice, people assumed that he was merely being modest.(当棒球传奇人物泰德·威廉姆斯声称他的成就与天赋无关，而是练习、练习、再练习的结果时，人们以为他只是谦虚而已)”可知，泰德·威廉姆斯认为是他的努力导致了他的成功，也就是他的全身心的投入。故选b项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“throughout the last century, it was accepted that we inherit （继承） many of our characteristics from our parents via their dna, that each of us inherits a fixed amount of intelligence -a fixed iq, and that most of us are to be ordinary.(在上个世纪，人们普遍认为，我们通过dna从父母那里继承了许多特征，我们每个人都继承了固定的智力——固定的智商，我们大多数人都是平凡的)”可知，在20世纪，我们普遍相信我们大多数人的智力一般。故选c项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“how does this view of the role of genes change our understanding of individual talent and abilities does it now mean that genes don’t matter, and that we all have the potential to be like, say, lionel messi or lebron james such a claim flies in the face of reason. the genes we inherit clearly matter, as do genetic differences between individuals. but it is also true that lionel messi would not have become the super footballer he is, nor lebron james a basketball superstar, without putting in thousands of hours of practice.(这种关于基因作用的观点如何改变我们对个人天赋和能力的理解 这是否意味着基因不重要，我们都有成为莱昂内尔·梅西或勒布朗·詹姆斯那样的潜力 这样的说法完全违背理性。我们遗传的基因显然很重要，个体之间的基因差异也很重要。但同样不可否认的是，如果没有成千上万小时的训练，莱昂内尔 梅西(lionel messi)就不会成为现在的超级足球运动员，勒布朗 詹姆斯(lebron james)也不会成为篮球巨星)”可知，作者提到“莱昂内尔·梅西”和“勒布朗·詹姆斯”是为了阐明一个观点。故选a项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“talent researcher kevin rathunde agrees. “high academic achievers are not necessarily born much smarter than others but genes do count,” he writes in his book talented teenagers, “and above all they usually work harder and develop more self-discipline.”(人才研究人员kevin rathunde对此表示赞同。他在《天才少年》一书中写道:“学业成绩优异的人不一定天生就比别人聪明，但基因确实很重要。最重要的是，他们通常更努力学习，更自律。”)”可知，kevin rathunde认为伟大的才能是基因和实践的结合。故选d项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
when it comes to money, the world’s luckiest woman appears to be a 63-year-old american called joan ginther. she has managed to win the jackpot (头奖) four times. ____16____ experts say that the chances of winning this much are extremely small.
mrs. ginther’s first win was in 1993 when she won half of the $11 million first prize of the texas lottery (彩票). the rest of her money has come from scratch (刮) cards. you scratch these cards to expose if you have a winning code. they are very popular, but not many people who buy them win anything. however, mrs. ginther won $2 million from a holiday millionaire scratchcard in 2006 and then she won another $3 million from a millions and millions scratch card in 2008. ____17____
as a result of these wins, the times market in bishop, where mrs. ginther bought her card, has become very popular. ____18____ the shop also receives calls from people trying to purchase scratch cards over the phone even though they live far away.
however, not much is known about mrs. ginther. ____19____ even her neighbours have very little to say about her. she is now rarely seen in bishop because she moved away and she now lives in las vegas.
sun bae, the owner of times market, remembers that mrs. ginther bought a new car for one of the town residents, even though she herself drives around in an old car. ____20____ and she bought her new home in las vegas and she donated her old home in bishop to charity. “she has helped so many people,” mrs. bae said.
a. that time, the card won $10 million.
b. in total, she has won over $20 million!
c. obviously, her private life is very important to her.
d. additionally, she also bought a van for the local church.
e. so she is perhaps as lucky with cards as with the lottery.
f. her answering machine says, “please do not leave a message.”
g. there are often long queues outside the shop and along the road nearby.
【答案】16. b 17. e 18. g 19. c 20. d
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了世界上最幸运的女人——63岁的美国人joan ginther的故事，她中了4次头奖，总共赢了2000多万美元，不过她独来独往，为社区做了很多好事。
【16题详解】
根据上文“she has managed to win the jackpot (头奖) four times.(她已经四次中头奖了)”及下文提到的所有奖金数额可知，b. in total, she has won over $20 million!(她总共赢了2000多万美元！)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选b。
【17题详解】
根据上文“mrs. ginther’s first win was in 1993 when she won half of the $11 million first prize of the texas lottery (彩票). the rest of her money has come from scratch (刮) cards.(ginther夫人的第一次中奖是在1993年，当时她赢得了德克萨斯州彩票1100万美元头奖的一半。她其余的钱都来自刮刮卡)”及“they are very popular, but not many people who buy them win anything. however, mrs. ginther won $2 million from a holiday millionaire scratchcard in 2006 and then she won another $3 million from a millions and millions scratch card in 2008.(它们很受欢迎，但买它们的人并没有赢得什么。然而，ginther夫人在2006年从“假日百万富翁”刮刮卡中赢得了200万美元，然后在2008年又从“百万和百万”刮刮卡中赢得了300万美元)”可知，ginther夫人不仅从彩票中赢得大笔钱，玩刮刮卡时，运气也超级好。由此可知，e. so she is perhaps as lucky with cards as with the lottery.(因此，她玩刮刮卡的运气可能和买彩票一样好)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选e。
18题详解】
根据上文“as a result of these wins, the times market in bishop, where mrs. ginther bought her card, has become very popular.(这些胜利的结果是，ginther夫人买卡片的地方——毕肖普市的时报市场变得非常受欢迎)”可知，因为ginther夫人老中奖，ginther夫人买刮刮卡的市场变得非常受欢迎，因此应该有很多人去买刮刮卡。由此可知，g. there are often long queues outside the shop and along the road nearby.(商店外面和附近的路上经常排着长队)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选g。
【19题详解】
根据上文“however, not much is known about mrs.(然而，人们对金瑟夫人知之甚少)”及下文“even her neighbours have very little to say about her. she is now rarely seen in bishop because she moved away and she now lives in las vegas.(就连她的邻居也很少谈起她。她现在很少在毕夏普露面了，因为她搬走了，现在住在拉斯维加斯)”可知，ginther夫人很低调，人们对她知之甚少。由此可知，c. obviously, her private life is very important to her.(显然，她的私人生活对她来说非常重要)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选c。
【20题详解】
根据上文“sun bae, the owner of times market, remembers that mrs. ginther bought a new car for one of the town residents, even though she herself drives around in an old car.(时代市场的老板sun bae记得，金瑟尔夫人为镇上的一位居民买了一辆新车，尽管她自己开的是一辆旧车)”和“and she bought her new home in las vegas and she donated her old home in bishop to charity. “she has helped so many people,” mrs. bae said.(她在拉斯维加斯买了新家，并将毕晓普的旧家捐给了慈善机构。“她帮助了很多人，”bae说)”可知，ginther夫人开始用她的钱做好事。由此可知，d. additionally, she also bought a van for the local church.(此外，她还为当地教堂买了一辆面包车)继续讲述她的善行，能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选d。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的a、b、c,d四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
i love wildlife. so when my friend said that we had a chance to ____21____ brown bears in the high tatras, i didn’t think twice about it, and we ____22____ arrangements to go the following week.
the trip was a great ___23___ ! we walked for hours and stayed in a ____24____ mountain hut(小屋) which was usually reserved for park rangers. it actually took us some trouble even to locate it. as soon as we arrived, our guide ____25____ to us that we would be fully integrated(融入) into their research programme and would be tracking the ____26____ of bears wearing gps transmitters. on the first day, we were woken up at sunrise and, after ____27____ some warm clothes, set off into the forest. our guide walked very ____28____ and we had trouble keeping up with him. suddenly he ____29____ across a small hill. he must have caught sight of a bear. we followed him as fast as we could, but by the time we reached him, the bear had _____30_____ into the bushes. later in the week, though, we did manage to observe several bears feeding on berries. we were so excited. yet, _____31_____ hurrying to take photos, we _____32_____ our breath, stayed about 30 meters away and just watched them. our guide insisted that we should keep our _____33_____ from the bears so as not to _____34_____ them.
observing bears in their natural habitat(栖息地) was really _____35_____. i had never experienced anything like that before. if i hadn’t had to go back to school, i would happily have stayed on for several more weeks.
21. a. hunt b. feed c. protect d. track
22. a. made b. changed c. cancelled d. quit
23. a. deal b. danger c. success d. regret
24. a. safe b. comfortable c. remote d. beautiful
25. a. recommended b. explained c. admitted d. reported
26. a. habits b. leftovers c. photos d. movements
27. a. throwing on b. tidying up c. paving for d. taking off
28. a. cautiously b. rapidly c. steadily d. casually
29. a. moved b. wandered c. paced d. dashed
30. a. disappeared b. looked c. broken d. turned
31. a. due to b. instead of c. apart from d. as for
32. a. drew b. held c. released d. caught
33. a. intention b. fear c. bravery d. distance
34. a. attack b. train c. disturb d. feed
35. a. fascinating b. boring c. exhausting d. challenging
【答案】21. d 22. a 23. c 24. c 25. b 26. d 27. a 28. b 29. d 30. a 31. b 32. b 33. d 34. c 35. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者和朋友一起去上塔特拉山（high tatras）追踪棕熊的经历，他认为这次旅行很有趣。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我的朋友说我们有机会在上塔特拉山追踪棕熊时，我毫不犹豫地安排在下周去。a. hunt捕猎；b. feed喂养；c. protect保护；d. track追踪。根据下文“tracking”可知，作者和朋友是要去山上追踪看棕熊。故选d。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第1题。a. made做；b. changed改变；c. cancelled取消；d. quit放弃。根据下文“arrangements to go the following week.”可知，这里指作者他们为了去山上追踪棕熊做了一些计划和安排。故选a。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次旅行非常成功！a. deal处理；b. danger危险；c. success成功；d. regret遗憾。根据下文“i had never experienced anything like that before. if i hadn’t had to go back to school, i would happily have stayed on for several more weeks.”可知，作者对这次旅行非常满意。故选c。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们走了几个小时，住在一个偏远的山间小屋里，这个小屋通常是为公园管理员保留的。a. safe安全的；b. comfortable舒服的；c. remote遥远的；d. beautiful美丽的。根据上文“we walked for hours”可知，这是他们步行几个小时才到的地方，所以应该是离得很远。故选c。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一到达，导游就向我们解释说，我们将完全融入他们的研究计划，并将佩戴gps发射器跟踪熊的运动。a. recommended推荐；b. explained解释；c. admitted承认；d. reported报道。根据下文“to us that we would be fully integrated(融入) into their research programme and would be tracking the ____6____ of bears wearing gps transmitters.”可知，这是导游向作者他们解释的具体安排。故选b。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第5题。a. habits习惯；b. leftovers剩余物；c. photos照片；d. movements移动。根据下文“of bears wearing gps transmitters”可知，他们佩戴gps发射器应该是跟踪熊的运动。故选d。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一天，我们在日出时被叫醒，穿上暖和的衣服后，出发去了森林。a. throwing on匆匆穿上；b. tidying up整理；c. paving for为…铺路；d. taking off起飞。根据上文“we were woken up at sunrise”可知，这里指作者他们早上醒来之后的行为，应该是穿上暖和的衣服。故选a。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们的向导走得很快，我们很难跟上他。a. cautiously谨慎地；b. rapidly快速地；c. steadily稳定地；d. casually随意地。根据下文“we had trouble keeping up with him”可知，作者他们很难跟上向导，所以他应该是走得很快。故选b。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然他冲过一座小山。a. moved移动；b. wandered想知道；c. paced调整节奏；d. dashed冲。根据上文“our guide walked very ____8____ and we had trouble keeping up with him.”可知，向导走得很快，所以应该是冲过一座小山。故选d。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们以最快的速度跟着他，但当我们到达他身边时，熊已经消失在灌木丛中。a. disappeared消失；b. looked看；c. broken打破；d. turned转弯。根据下文“later in the week, though, we did manage to observe several bears feeding on berries.”可知，作者他们第一次去的时候应该是没有看到熊。故选a。
【31题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，我们并没有急于拍照，而是屏住呼吸，呆在大约30米远的地方，看着它们。a. due to因为；b. instead of而不是；c. apart from除了；d. as for至于。根据下文“just watched them”可知，作者他们除了观察着熊，其他的什么都没有做。故选b。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第11题。a. drew拉；b. held握住；c. released释放；d. caught抓住。根据上文“we were so excited.”和下文“our breath”可知，作者他们发现了熊很激动，所以屏住呼吸，专注地看。故选b。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：导游坚持要我们和熊保持距离，以免打扰它们。a. intention意图；b. fear恐惧；c. bravery勇敢；d. distance距离。根据上文“stayed about 30 meters away and just watched them”可知，他们和熊之间有一段距离。故选d。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第13题。a. attack攻击；b. train训练；c. disturb打扰；d. feed喂养。根据上文“our guide insisted that we should keep our ____13____ from the bears”可知，作者他们和熊保持距离，应该是为了不打扰它们。故选c。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在熊的自然栖息地观察熊真的很有趣。a. fascinating迷人的，极有吸引力的；b. boring枯燥的；c. exhausting令人筋疲力尽的；d. challenging有挑战的。根据下文“我以前从未经历过这样的事情。如果不是我必须回到学校，我会很高兴再呆几个星期。”可知，作者认为这次旅行很有趣。故选a。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
years ago, the authors conducted human-wildlife conflict surveys in the tibet autonomous region’s counties, ____36____ (locate) in the tar’s remote chang tang region. these surveys showed ____37____ previously undocumented and growing problem of human-snow leopard conflict. next, snow leopard telephone interviews were conducted with tibet forestry bureau staff, ____38____ (result) in an additional new conflict and sighting location records. this new location information, together with records provided by other observers, ____39____ (collect) to make a snow leopard distribution (分布) map.
this effort greatly expanded knowledge of the snow leopard’s distribution in this region, ____40____ remains one of the least understood of the snow leopard’s key range areas. new knowledge on snow leopard in the chang tang will help identify human-snow leopard conflict hot spots and influence design of human-snow leopard conflict relief and conservation strategies for northwest tibet. nevertheless, much field work will also be required ____41____ (describe) snow leopard distribution in the chang tang.
importantly, in the past few years, a number of major transportation infrastructure (基础设施) projects ____42____ (make) the chang tang more accessible. this has led to a ____43____ (great) increased number of tourists visiting western tibet, mt. kailash and lake manasarovar ____44____ particular. all these developments have a large potential to cause disturbance to snow leopards and their prey species, including influencing their movements _____45_____ destroying their habitat.
【答案】36. located
37. a 38. resulting
39. was collected
40. which 41. to describe
42. have made
43. greatly
44. in 45. and
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。 文章介绍了作者在位于西藏自治区偏远的羌塘地区的几个县进行了人类与野生动物冲突的调查。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，作者在西藏自治区的几个县进行了人类与野生动物冲突的调查，这些县位于西藏自治区偏远的羌塘地区。所给动词locate在句中作后置定语修饰前面名词counties，与所修饰名词为被动关系应使用过去分词形式。be located 加介词表示“位于”。故填located。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这些调查显示了人类与雪豹之间的冲突，这是一个以前没有记录在案且日益严重的问题。该句中名词problem作showed的宾语并由undocumented and growing修饰，problem为可数名词单数，此处为泛指的一个问题且第一次提及，应使用不定冠词，previously是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来，雪豹对西藏林业局工作人员进行了电话采访，结果获得了额外的新的冲突和目击地点记录。动词短语result in在句中作结果状语，主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填resulting。
【39题详解】
考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：这些新的位置信息，连同其他观察员提供的记录，被收集成雪豹分布图。动词collect在句中作谓语，主语是this new location information，信息被收集，应该使用被动语态；根据上下文可知，全文记叙的都是几年前做的一个调研的情况，应使用一般过去时；主语为不可数名词，助动词be应使用单数形式。故填was collected。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这一努力极大地扩展了人们对该地区雪豹分布的了解，该地区仍然是雪豹最不为人所知的主要活动区域之一。该空需要一个关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词area，并且指代先行词做主语，应使用which，不可用that。故填which。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，要描述长塘雪豹分布，还需要大量的野外工作。动词describe在句中作补足语，be required to do意为“被要求做某事”，应使用动词不定式形式。故填to describe。
【42题详解】
考查时态及主谓一致。句意：重要的是，在过去几年中，一些重大的交通基础设施项目使长塘的交通更加便利。动词make在句中作谓语，根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，应使用现在完成时态，主语a number of ... projects为复数名词，助动词have使用复数形式。故填have made。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：这使得藏西地区，特别是冈仁波齐山和玛纳斯若瓦湖的游客数量大大增加。该空需要一个副词修饰形容词increased。故填greatly。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：这使得藏西地区，特别是冈仁波齐山和玛纳斯若瓦湖的游客数量大大增加。固定短语in particular意为“尤其是，特别是”符合语境。故填in。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：所有这些发展都有可能对雪豹及其猎物物种造成干扰，包括影响它们的活动和破坏它们的栖息地。influencing their movements和destroying their habitat是并列顺承关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 假定你校正在举办主题为“文明习惯满校园”的倡议书征文活动，请你写一份倡议书投稿，内容包括：1. 发出倡议的背景；2. 倡议内容与理由。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】dear schoolmates,
we can’t deny that it is common to see some uncivilized practices in our school, like people speaking loudly in a library or a classroom and wasting food without restraint.
therefore, i would like to advocate a campaign against such behavior. tougher regulations on public areas may help students behave themselves. besides, it would also be sensible to put up more banners of encouragement to act good deeds, which can arouse students’ awareness to spread the beneficial habits.
as a teenager of the new era, let’s act jointly to make the glory of civilization shine in every corner of our school.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你校正在举办主题为“文明习惯满校园”的倡议书征文活动，请你写一份倡议书投稿，内容包括：1. 发出倡议的背景；2. 倡议内容与理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
普遍：common→general
因此：therefore→thus
此外：besides→in addition
有益的：beneficial→helpful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：therefore, i would like to advocate a campaign against such behavior. tougher regulations on public areas may help students behave themselves.
拓展句：therefore, i would like to advocate a campaign against such behavior because tougher regulations on public areas may help students behave themselves.
【点睛】[高分句型1] we can’t deny that it is common to see some uncivilized practices in our school, like people speaking loudly in a library or a classroom and wasting food without restraint. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] besides, it would also be sensible to put up more banners of encouragement to act good deeds, which can arouse students’ awareness to spread the beneficial habits. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
lucky
teresa, a gentle, soft-spoken woman of seventy, had always managed to view the world with a child’s sense of wonderment. she greeted the dawn of each new day with the brightness of the sun itself and found joy in the smallest of things.
one day while out crossing the road in front of her home, teresa had been injured in a hit-and-run. the driver left the woman in severe pain, when the mailman found her unconscious nearly an hour later, her injured leg had been bleeding heavily. she’d made it to the hospital just in time and later, the doctor had told teresa she was lucky to be alive.
returning home teresa didn't feel so lucky. before the accident, the elderly woman had always been grateful that she was healthy for her age. now just getting the daily mail required a huge effort. an old woman with nothing to do and nowhere to go, teresa felt frightened, alone and defeated for the first time in her life.
when teresa’s friend vera came to pick her up for her checkup at the medical center, she hardly recognized her old friend. teresa’s soft brown eyes held a deep sadness.
they were a little early for teresa’s appointment, so to try to cheer up teresa, vera took a longer, more scenic route. they were stopped at a red light when teresa suddenly shouted in terror. “look at that cat! it’s trying to run across the street!”
vera looked up to see a small black-and-white cat bounding（跳） out into the middle of traffic. both women screamed as they saw one car, then another, and finally a third, hit the cat,the cat lay without moving, its small body flung（猛扔） into the grass. cars slowed, but no one stopped to help.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“we must save that poor creature,” said tereas.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
while the cat was at the clinic, teresa checked on him every day.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 “we must save that poor creature,” said teresa. teresa and vera sprang into action upon seeing the injured cat. despite teresa’s own pain, she approached the poor creature with a compassionate heart. together, they carefully lifted the injured cat and began transporting him to a nearby animal clinic. teresa’s empathy for the cat inspired her to stay by his side during the journey, whispering soothing words of comfort. when they arrived at the clinic, the staff immediately tended to the cat’s wounds. teresa and vera anxiously waited for news on the cat’s healing process. their persistence was rewarded when the veterinarian informed them that the cat would survive.
while the cat was at the animal clinic, teresa checked on him every day. after spending several days at the animal clinic, teresa decided to take the cat, whom she had named lucky, back to her home to finish his recovery. as lucky grew stronger, teresa’s own injury began to heal, the feeling of being alone and defeated gradually fading away. the two came to form a special bond, one that was born out of a shared experience of pain and healing. looking back on that fateful day when she had been injured in the hit and run accident, teresa realized that the accident had led her to lucky, and through him, to a renewed sense of purpose and joy.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了teresa因为一场肇事逃逸事故而受伤，从而感到害怕、孤独和失败，但是后来，因为意外，她救助了一只出了交通事故的小猫，并收养了它，在小猫的康复过程中，teresa孤独和失败的感觉逐渐消失，重新获得了人生的目标和快乐。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容““我们一定要救那个可怜的小东西，”特蕾莎说。”可知，第一段可描写teresa和vera救助小猫的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“当小猫在动物诊所时，teresa每天都去看它。”可知，第二段可描写小猫的出现，对teresa的影响，让她重新获得了人生的目标和快乐。
2. 续写线索：teresa受伤——感到害怕、孤独和失败——朋友vera接她做检查——遇到被撞的小猫——救助小猫——和小猫产生联系——重新获得了人生的目标和快乐。
3. 词汇激活
行为类
抬起：lift/raise
激发；inspire/encourage
愈合：heal/cure
情绪类
焦虑的：anxious/worried
孤独的：alone/single
【点睛】[高分句型1]when they arrived at the clinic, the staff immediately tended to the cat’s wounds.(when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]after spending several days at the animal clinic, teresa decided to take the cat, whom she had named lucky, back to her home to finish his recovery.(whom引导的非限制性定语从句)
听力答案：1-5 bbcac 6-10 abcac 11-15 aabcb 16-20 bacbc[footnoteref:0]江汉区2022级高二新起点摸底考试 [0: ]
英语试卷
本试卷共12页，全卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项：
1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2b铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答；用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5个小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. what is the man probably doing now
a. doing business. b. having an interview. c. sharing his working experience.
2. why was benson in the hospital yesterday
a. his baby got ill. b. he looked after his daughter. c. he went to get his medicine.
3. what did the woman want the man to do
a. to meet her friend with her.
b. to do the woman’s work.
c. to meet tony for her.
4.why didn’t jack get the book
a. he was too busy to go to the library.
b. there wasn’t such a book in the library.
c. he didn’t want to borrow the book.
5. what will the woman probably do
a. leave the shop b. have another drink. c. taste some hot chocolate.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. what did the woman buy as her husband’s birthday present
a. a tie. b. a hat. c. a shirt.
7. why did the assistant refuse to help the woman
a. the woman lost the receipt. b. the item had been worn. c. the woman was rude.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. what kind of restaurant is the lotus garden
a. indian. b. french. c. chinese.
9. where is the man now probably
a. in birmingham. b. in leeds. c. in sunderland.
10. how will james get to durham
a. by car. b. by train. c. by bus.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. how did the man find the apartment
a. from the internet. b. from a newspaper. c. from a friend.
12. what does the man want most
a. a big living room. b. a big kitchen. c. a big bedroom.
13. what will the woman probably do this friday
a. entertain some friends. b. pay the man a visit. c. rent an apartment.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. where does mark usually read news now
a. in a newspaper. b. in a magazine. c. on the internet.
15. why did the machine surprise the woman
a. it has a small glass window.
b. it can make a pizza in a short time.
c. it offers four types of pizzas at a time.
16. what does the woman think of the machine
a. it is quite necessary. b. it might not be popular. c. it will certainly succeed.
17. what is an advantage of the machine
a. the 24-hour service. b. tasty pizza made by it. c. the low production cost.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. what did the speaker do that morning
a. he admired the sunrise. b. he called up his wife. c. he watched tv news.
19. where was the speaker’s son
a. in another country. b. in town. c. in the garden.
20. what is the speaker talking about
a. his family life. b. a home fire. c. a natural disaster.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中选出最佳选项。
a
a color run at school
what is a color run
the event is usually a 5k untimed run. participants are doused（浇涂上） from head to toe in a different colored powder at each kilometer mark. this activity inspired by the hindu festival of holi is perfect for promoting community and happiness.
a color run is a fun event perfect for schools. as the kids jog through the route, their white t-shirts turn rainbow colors. it is a way to promote health and activity among children. schools can choose whether they want to host a color run by themselves or have one organized by an event organizer.
why should i take part in a color run
taking part in a color run will help you improve your overall physical health. it’s a great way to burn calories and get out. you will also be able to meet new people.
how to set up a school color run
to set up a school color run, you will first need to decide what time you want it to start. then, you will need to contact the principal at your school. they will then tell you if there is enough space available at the named location. you will need to inform the class teachers and include information in the student handbook. next, you should contact the parents/guardians of the students at the school through a mailed letter or email. with everything listed above completed, you will have your event organized and ready to go!
1. what do we know about a color run
a. it sets no time limit, b. it used to be a part of holi.
c. it's designed for schools only. d. it sees runners covered from head to toe.
2. what benefit may kids get from a school color run
a. better physical health. b. prize money from the race.
c. friendship with the principal. d. t-shirts with a rainbow pattern.
3. what’s the purpose of the text
a to advertise. b. to inform. c. to entertain. d. to criticize.
b
smoking is even a tradition in chinese celebrations. at my wedding, we handed out the traditional candies to people who came. i had said to my wife, ellen, that handing out packets of cigarettes was wrong, as it just encouraged people to continue a deadly habit. “but it’s traditional,” she replied, “people would think we were mean if we don’t!”
over the years i’ve been given cigarettes as gifts and have always handed them straight back. this might make me look ungrateful in chinese eyes, but i can’t understand the logic behind handing someone a gift that will cause them to smell terrible, have awful breath, and even worse, kill them.
this year the university i work at has taken the bold step of making the entire campus “smoke free”. as my students are either doctors doing postgraduates studies, or medical students on their way to being doctors, i thought they would be in favor of such a move, but i was wrong. many of them have complained to me that they see this as depriving them of their civil rights and that they should be allowed to smoke when and where they like.
when i pointed out to them that cigarettes do harm not only to those smoking themselves, but even to those breathing in second hand smoke, the argument was dismissed with a wave. “those studies aren’t conclusive”, one doctor replied. “besides, my grandmother told me that smoking is manly.” tempting(诱人的) as it was to ask if she was also a doctor, i let the argument go and went off in search of some fresh air.
4. which of the following is a consequence of smoking according to the author
a. it will leave you breathless. b. people believe you are mean.
c. people think you are ungrateful. d. it will make your smell unpleasant.
5. what attitude do many of the author’s students have towards the entire campus “smoke free”
a. objective. b. unconcerned. c. negative. d. positive.
6. what does the underlined word “depriving” in paragraph 3 mean
a. robbing. b. accusing. c. informing. d. reminding.
7. in which column of a newspaper is this text probably found
a. technology. b. entertainment. c. art. d. life.
c
robots in space will be extracting (提取) gold from asteroids (小行星) within ten years if anew project backed by a silicon valley billionaire goes as planned. peter diamandis, the founder of planetary resources, said the company attempts to make the resources of space available to humanity.
the initial stage to be achieved in the next 18 to 24 months, is to launch a series of private telescopes which will orbit earth. these will be used to search for the right type of asteroids. the plan is to use commercially built robotic ships to extract rocket fuel and valuable minerals from the rocks that regularly pass by earth. diamandis predicts that they could have their version of a space-based petrol station up and running by 2025.
several scientists not involved in the project argued that the project was daring, difficult and very pricey. they do not see how it could be cost-effective. but the founder of planetary resources has a track record of profiting from space exploration business. diamandis was the first person to sell rides into space to tourists. “before we started launching people into space as private citizens, people thought that was a ridiculous idea,” diamandis said. “this is a long-term project. but it’s not a charity. we’ll make money.” the idea that asteroids could be mined for resources has been around for years. there are probably 1,500 asteroids that pass near earth that would be good initial targets. they are at least 50 meters wide, and diamandis figures ten percent of them have water and other valuable minerals.
richard binzel, professor of planetary science at the massachusetts institute of technology, says, “the idea might be many decades ahead of its time. but you have to start somewhere as it might offer a new perspective of saving the earth from being over explored.”
8. what is supposed to be the first step of the project
a. launching robots into earth orbit. b. sending some telescopes into space.
c. building a space-based petrol station. d. using robotic ships to extract rocket fuel.
9. how did diamandis use to make money from space exploration business
a. by extracting gold from asteroids. b. by providing space travels for tourists.
c. by being the first person to ride into space. d. by selling tickets to sce tourists' rides into space.
10. what does richard binzel think of the project
a. it is risky. b. it is complex. c. it is worthwhile. d. it is demanding.
11. what can be a suitable title for the text
a. mining asteroids b. humans and asteroids
c. space exploration in progress d. the project of extracting minerals
d
where do great musicians, great mathematicians and great sportspeople get their talent for decades now, we have assumed that most of them are simply born with a talent that ordinary people do not have. when baseball legend ted williams claimed that his achievement had nothing to do with natural ability but were the result of practice, practice, practice, people assumed that he was merely being modest. but scientists now believe that there was a good deal of truth in what he said.
throughout the last century, it was accepted that we inherit （继承） many of our characteristics from our parents via their dna, that each of us inherits a fixed amount of intelligence -a fixed iq, and that most of us are to be ordinary. but now it is accepted that our genes interact with their surroundings, getting turned on and off all the time. “there are no genetic factors that can be studied independently of the environment,” explains michael meaney of mcgill university. “and there are no environmental factors that function independently of our genes. they work alongside each other.”
how does this view of the role of genes change our understanding of individual talent and abilities does it now mean that genes don’t matter and that we all have the potential to be like, say, lionel messi or lebron james such a claim flies in the face of reason. the genes we inherit clearly matter, as do genetic differences between individuals. but it is also true that lionel messi would not have become the super footballer he is, nor lebron james a basketball superstar, without putting in thousands of hours of practice. they could have turned out entirely different people. talent researcher kevin rathunde agrees. “high academic achievers are not necessarily born much smarter than others but genes do count,” he writes in his book talented teenagers, “and above all they usually work harder and develop more self-discipline.”
12. what did ted williams think led to his success
a. his natural talent. b. his full commitment.
c. his modest personality. d. his extraordinary intelligence.
13. what did we widely believe during the 20 century
a. intelligence has little to do with dna.
b. our genes interact with our environment.
c. the majority of us are of average intelligence.
d. our character is simply decided by inherited dna.
14. why does the author mention “lionel messi” and “lebron james” in paragraph 3
a. to clarify a point. b. to illustrate a rule.
c. to offer a solution. d. to make a prediction.
15. which statement will kevin rathunde probably agree with
a. most of us are born to be average persons.
b. we could all be geniuses if working hard enough.
c. genetie factors are more important than hard work.
d. great talent is a combination of genes and practice.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
when it comes to money, the world’s luckiest woman appears to be a 63-year-old american called joan ginther. she has managed to win the jackpot (头奖) four times. ____16____ experts say that the chances of winning this much are extremely small.
mrs. ginther’s first win was in 1993 when she won half of the $11 million first prize of the texas lottery (彩票). the rest of her money has come from scratch (刮) cards. you scratch these cards to expose if you have a winning code. they are very popular, but not many people who buy them win anything. however, mrs. ginther won $2 million from a holiday millionaire scratchcard in 2006 and then she won another $3 million from a millions and millions scratch card in 2008. ____17____
as a result of these wins, the times market in bishop, where mrs. ginther bought her card, has become very popular. ____18____ the shop also receives calls from people trying to purchase scratch cards over the phone even though they live far away.
however, not much is known about mrs. ginther. ____19____ even her neighbours have very little to say about her. she is now rarely seen in bishop because she moved away and she now lives in las vegas.
sun bae, the owner of times market, remembers that mrs. ginther bought a new car for one of the town residents, even though she herself drives around in an old car. ____20____ and she bought her new home in las vegas and she donated her old home in bishop to charity. “she has helped so many people,” mrs. bae said.
a. that time, the card won $10 million.
b. in total, she has won over $20 million!
c. obviously, her private life is very important to her.
d. additionally, she also bought a van for the local church.
e. so she is perhaps as lucky with cards as with the lottery.
f. her answering machine says, “please do not leave a message.”
g. there are often long queues outside the shop and along the road nearby.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的a、b、c,d四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
i love wildlife. so when my friend said that we had a chance to ____21____ brown bears in the high tatras, i didn’t think twice about it, and we ____22____ arrangements to go the following week.
the trip was a great ___23___ ! we walked for hours and stayed in a ____24____ mountain hut(小屋) which was usually reserved for park rangers. it actually took us some trouble even to locate it. as soon as we arrived, our guide ____25____ to us that we would be fully integrated(融入) into their research programme and would be tracking the ____26____ of bears wearing gps transmitters. on the first day, we were woken up at sunrise and, after ____27____ some warm clothes, set off into the forest. our guide walked very ____28____ and we had trouble keeping up with him. suddenly he ____29____ across a small hill. he must have caught sight of a bear. we followed him as fast as we could, but by the time we reached him, the bear had _____30_____ into the bushes. later in the week, though, we did manage to observe several bears feeding on berries. we were so excited. yet, _____31_____ hurrying to take photos, we _____32_____ our breath, stayed about 30 meters away and just watched them. our guide insisted that we should keep our _____33_____ from the bears so as not to _____34_____ them.
observing bears in their natural habitat(栖息地) was really _____35_____. i had never experienced anything like that before. if i hadn’t had to go back to school, i would happily have stayed on for several more weeks.
21. a. hunt b. feed c. protect d. track
22. a. made b. changed c. cancelled d. quit
23. a. deal b. danger c. success d. regret
24. a. safe b. comfortable c. remote d. beautiful
25. a. recommended b. explained c. admitted d. reported
26. a. habits b. leftovers c. photos d. movements
27. a. throwing on b. tidying up c. paving for d. taking off
28. a. cautiously b. rapidly c. steadily d. casually
29. a. moved b. wandered c. paced d. dashed
30. a. disappeared b. looked c. broken d. turned
31. a. due to b. instead of c. apart from d. as for
32. a. drew b. held c. released d. caught
33. a. intention b. fear c. bravery d. distance
34. a. attack b. train c. disturb d. feed
35 a. fascinating b. boring c. exhausting d. challenging
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
years ago, the authors conducted human-wildlife conflict surveys in the tibet autonomous region’s counties, ____36____ (locate) in the tar’s remote chang tang region. these surveys showed ____37____ previously undocumented and growing problem of human-snow leopard conflict. next, snow leopard telephone interviews were conducted with tibet forestry bureau staff, ____38____ (result) in an additional new conflict and sighting location records. this new location information, together with records provided by other observers, ____39____ (collect) to make a snow leopard distribution (分布) map.
this effort greatly expanded knowledge of the snow leopard’s distribution in this region, ____40____ remains one of the least understood of the snow leopard’s key range areas. new knowledge on snow leopard in the chang tang will help identify human-snow leopard conflict hot spots and influence design of human-snow leopard conflict relief and conservation strategies for northwest tibet. nevertheless, much field work will also be required ____41____ (describe) snow leopard distribution in the chang tang.
importantly in the past few years, a number of major transportation infrastructure (基础设施) projects ____42____ (make) the chang tang more accessible. this has led to a ____43____ (great) increased number of tourists visiting western tibet, mt. kailash and lake manasarovar ____44____ particular. all these developments have a large potential to cause disturbance to snow leopards and their prey species, including influencing their movements _____45_____ destroying their habitat.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 假定你校正在举办主题为“文明习惯满校园”的倡议书征文活动，请你写一份倡议书投稿，内容包括：1. 发出倡议的背景；2. 倡议内容与理由。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
lucky
teresa, a gentle, soft-spoken woman of seventy, had always managed to view the world with a child’s sense of wonderment. she greeted the dawn of each new day with the brightness of the sun itself and found joy in the smallest of things.
one day while out crossing the road in front of her home, teresa had been injured in a hit-and-run. the driver left the woman in severe pain, when the mailman found her unconscious nearly an hour later, her injured leg had been bleeding heavily. she’d made it to the hospital just in time and later, the doctor had told teresa she was lucky to be alive.
returning home, teresa didn't feel so lucky. before the accident, the elderly woman had always been grateful that she was healthy for her age. now just getting the daily mail required a huge effort. an old woman with nothing to do and nowhere to go, teresa felt frightened, alone and defeated for the first time in her life.
when teresa’s friend vera came to pick her up for her checkup at the medical center, she hardly recognized her old friend. teresa’s soft brown eyes held a deep sadness.
they were a little early for teresa’s appointment, so to try to cheer up teresa, vera took a longer, more scenic route. they were stopped at a red light when teresa suddenly shouted in terror. “look at that cat! it’s trying to run across the street!”
vera looked up to see a small black-and-white cat bounding（跳） out into the middle of traffic. both women screamed as they saw one car, then another, and finally a third, hit the cat,the cat lay without moving, its small body flung（猛扔） into the grass. cars slowed, but no one stopped to help.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“we must save that poor creature,” said tereas.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
while the cat was at the clinic, teresa checked on him every day.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1-5 bbcac 6-10 abcac 11-15 aabcb 16-20 bacbc
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